ACCSAP CCKE Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Risk Stratification and Prevention Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• A 40-75-year-old with LDL 120 mg/dl and 10-year PCE risk 7.5-<20%: which approach is appropriate?
• A healthy 58-year-old woman with LDL 90 mg/dL and 10-year ASCVD risk 18% should be managed with:
• Which finding is a contraindication to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)?
• Which medications should be held prior to contrast-requiring procedures/tests?
• Pulsus paradoxus is defined as what?
• Which inherited condition is associated with fibrofatty replacement of the RV myocardium?
• What is the screening timing indicated for AAA with diameter 5.0 cm or larger?
• What abdominal aortic diameter is diagnostic for AAA? At what size is repair considered?
• For moderate hypertriglyceridemia (135-499 mg/dL) in a high-risk patient, which therapy is appropriate?
• In obstructive sleep apnea, CPAP therapy reduces cardiovascular mortality risk by what relative amount?
• Which condition features LV thickening that is often asymmetric and can involve the apex?
• Which obesity medication does NOT have the side effect of elevated heart rate?
• In symptomatic patients with concern for obstructive CAD, stress testing is preferred under which circumstance?
• Intensification of therapy for chronic coronary disease patients can potentially yield what benefit?
• What is the gold standard for the evaluation of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
• Among women, the lowest HDL quartile (<46) is associated with how many times the rate of coronary events compared with the highest quartile (>67)?
• Which statement about premature menopause and cardiovascular risk is true?
• What is the immediate management step for an acute contrast allergy reaction?
• On cardiac magnetic resonance, which condition shows areas of right ventricular akinesis, RV outflow tract dilation, and trabecular disarray?
• Which of the following is an indication for carotid duplex ultrasound?
• Which statement best describes myocardial viability testing?
• Which test can identify myocardial edema/inflammation via T2 mapping and classic myocardial damage via LGE-CMR?
• Which test is the first-line choice for evaluating for anomalous coronary arteries or for evaluation of the aorta or pulmonary arteries?
• What is included in the management recommendations for triglycerides between 500 and 999 mg/dL?
• A 40-75-year-old patient without ASCVD or diabetes; what lipid value range warrants 10-year PCE assessment?
• What is the stroke volume index threshold used to define paradoxical LFLG AS?
• Coronary artery calcium tends to progress at about 20% per year. Which rate best describes this progression?
• Describe how obesity increases cardiovascular mortality.
• Which disease is typically associated with diffuse subendocardial enhancement on LGE and thick ventricles with dilated atria?
• Which statement about continuation of DAPT after DES is supported by APD guidelines when bleeding risk is relatively low?
• Which sequence best describes the progression of the basic pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome?
• Which patient group is among those in whom the 10-year ASCVD risk is underestimated by the PCE?
• In suspected cardiac sarcoidosis, which pattern suggests scar tissue rather than active disease?
• Female smokers die how many years earlier than female nonsmokers?
• What is the pattern of cardiovascular risk after radiation therapy?
• Which variable predicts high risk in patients undergoing an exercise treadmill test (ETT)?
• Which artery supplies the inferior wall of the left ventricle?
• Which statement is correct regarding a CAC score of zero in low-to-moderate risk individuals?
• Which imaging combination is considered best for suspected cardiac sarcoidosis?
• Which condition is indicated by a dilated, dysfunctional right ventricle with dyskinesis or akinesis on cine images and enhancement of the RV on LGE?
• In post-MI heart failure, which medication timing is recommended?
• An older man (71) with hypertension and a 25% 10-year ASCVD risk should be started on which statin intensity?
• Which statement best describes coronary microvascular dysfunction?
• In a 45-year-old woman with morbid obesity, severe anxiety, uncontrolled hypertension, and a history of a medullary thyroid carcinoma, which obesity medication would be most appropriate?
• In PAD management, when should CTA or MRA be considered?
• Which of the following is a relative contraindication to coronary CT angiography (CCTA) due to potential image artifacts?
• Which laboratory test is best used to monitor long-term glycemic control in patients with chronic coronary disease?
• Which statement about HDL and ASCVD risk is correct?
• Which laboratory parameter is used to monitor renal function in chronic coronary disease management?
• Which chemotherapy drug is known to cause overt congestive heart failure requiring discontinuation if LVEF declines?
• Which imaging modality is best for detecting edema and tissue characterization in suspected myocarditis?
• Which imaging modality is indicated for detecting structural disease in patients with ventricular arrhythmias, identifying LGE in NICM, and assessing SCD risk?
• Which disease shows on CMR thick ventricles with dilated atria and diffuse subendocardial enhancement on late gadolinium enhancement imaging?
• Which are possible secondary causes of hypertriglyceridemia?
• What is the recommendation for aspirin in patients with imaging-confirmed vascular disease?
• For severe hypertriglyceridemia (500+ mg/dL) in a high-risk patient, which therapy is appropriate?
• Which rheumatologic conditions have been linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk?
• Is an exercise treadmill test interpretable in the presence of a right bundle branch block (RBBB)?
• Describe the recommended periprocedural hydration to prevent contrast-induced AKI.
• History of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with what change in cardiovascular disease risk?
• Regarding beta-blocker use within the first 24 hours after MI, which statement is true?
• Which is an absolute contraindication to performing an ETT?
• Which CAC score indicates a MACE risk equivalent to those treated for ASCVD?
• Which condition demonstrates diffusely low signal intensity on cine imaging with little or no late gadolinium enhancement?
• A healthy 48-year-old man with LDL 85 mg/dL and 10-year ASCVD risk 7% should be advised to:
• Which diet is the Mediterranean Diet among the following options?
• What is the guideline recommendation regarding CAC scoring?
• If ABI is greater than 0.9 but suspicion for PAD remains high, what is a potential next step?
• What exercise intensity is recommended for patients undergoing cardiac rehab or home rehab after an MI, CHF, or similar condition?
• Epicardial coronary arteries primarily provide which function compared to the microvasculature?
• Which test is best for evaluating ARVC?
• How often should CAC scoring be rechecked if high-risk conditions are present (such as diabetes, family history of CAD, or smoking)?
• What inherited condition is histopathologically characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the RV myocardium?
• If LDL remains above 70 mg/dL after maximally tolerated statin therapy and Zetia, which therapy can be considered?
• For patients with clinical ASCVD at high risk, which statement best describes statin management?
• The left circumflex artery supplies which myocardial regions?
• How is the left ABI calculated?
• Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to pharmacologic stress testing?
• Which scenario warrants initiating aspirin according to the guidelines?
• Which combination is recommended to reduce ASCVD risk in primary prevention?
• Which condition has a predilection for basal inferolateral wall hypertrophy detected on CMR?
• What are the qualifying characteristics for moderate or high-intensity statin initiation without 10-year risk calculation?
• Which condition is characterized by excessive trabeculation of the left ventricle due to noncompact myocardium?
• What is the blood pressure goal in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension?
• Which chemotherapy agents are commonly associated with increased risk of heart failure and cardiomyopathy?
• What waist circumference thresholds are associated with higher mortality in men and women?
• For a symptomatic patient with low likelihood and no CAD history, which test is most appropriate as initial evaluation?
• In symptomatic patients with concern for obstructive CAD, CCTA is preferred under which circumstance?
• How many diagnostic criteria are required to diagnose metabolic syndrome?
• Which obesity medication is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension?
• What is the APD recommendation after PCI with a bare-metal stent (BMS)?
• What percentage of weight loss has been seen to improve lipid and blood levels?
• What is the recommended treatment for a mild contrast reaction?
• Which medications should be held 24+ hours before a contrast procedure?
• Which condition is considered a relative contraindication to pharmacologic stress testing?
• In middle-aged individuals, the yearly conversion rate from zero CAC to non-zero CAC score is approximately what percent?
• Most myocardial infarctions occur in plaques with which degree of stenosis?
• In patients with clinical ASCVD at low-moderate risk, how does age influence statin intensity recommendations?
• How can exercise affect the structure of the heart and what is the impact on prognosis for HFpEF?
• The right coronary artery supplies which myocardial segments?
• During an exercise treadmill test, which leads most commonly show positive responses?
• Which hydration strategy for preventing AKI in high-risk patients includes starting 12 hours before and continuing 6-24 hours after the procedure?
• Which intervention would improve contractile function in hibernating myocardium?
• Which smoking cessation medication is almost exclusively renally cleared and requires dosing adjustments?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between plaque severity and myocardial infarction risk?
• What is the ideal test to evaluate ARVC?
• Which CAC score threshold indicates initiation of statin therapy?
• How long does renal function typically take to normalize after contrast-associated AKI?
• Which statement best characterizes the risk profile of electronic cigarettes compared with conventional tobacco cigarettes?
• Which left atrial appendage shape has the lowest risk of thromboembolism?
• Which condition is defined by two distinct layers of the left ventricular myocardium: a compacted layer and a noncompacted layer?
• Which statement is a diagnostic criterion for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
• Which disease commonly presents with patchy LGE due to granulomatous inflammation affecting the myocardium?
• Which finding defines a positive exercise treadmill test?
• Which condition shows a dilated left ventricle with poor systolic function on cine and midmyocardial enhancement on LGE?
• In metabolic syndrome, low HDL is defined as which threshold?
• Mortality risk among former smokers declines to near that of never-smokers after how many years of cessation?
• Which of the following is a relative contraindication to pharmacologic stress testing?
• What must be ruled out prior to establishing a diagnosis of sarcoidosis?
• What is the recommended surveillance after an aortoiliac endovascular repair?
• Which statement correctly describes stunned myocardium?
• How does paradoxical low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis differ from typical low-flow low-gradient AS?
• Which artery supplies the lateral wall of the left ventricle?
• True or False: Statin pretreatment can help reduce the risk of contrast-induced AKI in statin-naive patients.
• Which heart-healthy diet has evidence from randomized controlled trials supporting its benefit?
• Which of the following is NOT a mechanical therapy option for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?
• Which test can accurately quantify myocardial iron content and guide chelation therapy?
• Which statement best describes the basic pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome?
• Which of the following is most clearly an indication for carotid duplex ultrasound?
• Which intervention would improve contractile function in stunned myocardium?
• In non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, which imaging modality is best for detecting late gadolinium enhancement patterns indicative of fibrosis?
• What is the gold standard for the diagnosis of HFpEF?
• A 40-75-year-old with LDL 120 mg/dl and 10-year PCE risk 5.0-7.5%: which approach is appropriate?
• When is pharmacotherapy indicated for obesity?
• In switching from Brilinta to Plavix in the late phase, what is the recommended loading dose and timing for Plavix?
• Which factor is a known contributor to underestimation of aortic stenosis severity in LFLG AS?
• How is plaque density related to MACE risk?
• What is the recommended epinephrine dose for a severe contrast reaction?
• In coronary microvascular dysfunction, which vessels regulate distribution of blood flow to match local tissue metabolism?
• Which protein source is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality?
• What is the recommended maximum daily salt intake for hypertension?
• Bariatric surgery is indicated for which BMI criteria?
• What is the warranty period against mortality associated with a CAC score of zero in low-to-moderate risk individuals?
• In primary prevention, low-dose aspirin can be considered for which scenario?
• What is the APD recommendation after STEMI or NSTEMI regardless of management strategy?
• Describe the strategy for switching between Brilinta and Plavix in the early/acute phase.
• Which imaging modality may identify coronary microvascular dysfunction?
• Which A1c range is diagnostic for impaired fasting glucose/pre-diabetes?
• Which condition is a relative contraindication to ETT?
• Which test can evaluate bypass graft patency with nearly 100% accuracy?
• What is the standard pre-contrast prophylaxis protocol?
• What is the ideal modality to evaluate myocarditis?
• Which statement best describes paradoxical low-flow low-gradient AS?
• In which patients is myocardial viability testing indicated?
• Which cardiomyopathy shows concentric hypertrophy with midwall inferolateral enhancement on LGE and is caused by enzyme deficiency?
• What does MACE stand for in cardiovascular risk assessment?
• The left anterior descending artery supplies which myocardial segments?
• When should a baseline echocardiogram be done following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)?
• During severe apneic episodes in obstructive sleep apnea, blood pressure can reach which range?
• What is the APD recommendation after PCI with a drug-eluting stent (DES)?
• Which of the following is NOT a complication detectable on duplex ultrasound of a groin access site?
• What is the screening timing indicated for AAA with diameter 3.0-3.9 cm?
• Which combination of findings should raise suspicion for primary hyperaldosteronism?
• A patient presents with dyspnea and heart failure; CMR shows global hypertrophy, poor annular motion, and biatrial enlargement. What is the likely diagnosis?
• A 40-75-year-old with LDL 120 mg/dl and 10-year PCE risk <5%; guideline-directed management?
• Which statement about CCTA in women evaluating for aortic stenosis is correct?
• According to Class I recommendations, ETT is recommended in which scenario?
• A patient aged 40-75 with diabetes presents for follow-up. What should the statin recommendations be?
• In risk assessment, which tool can be used to further refine risk stratification for a patient with 5-20% 10-year ASCVD risk?
• A 38-year-old woman with LDL cholesterol 195 mg/dL should be treated with which statin approach?
• For a patient aged 40-75 with LDL cholesterol 120 mg/dL and a 10-year PCE risk greater than 20%, what is the guideline-directed management?
• If estimated GFR is 30-60 mL/min/1.73 m2, what is recommended regarding metformin around a procedure?
• Which describes how obstructive sleep apnea promotes cardiovascular disease?
• Which statement best describes obesity and cardiovascular risk?
• A 50-year-old man with history of CAD/AMI and hypertension should be treated with which statin regimen?
• In symptomatic patients with concern for obstructive CAD, LHC is preferred under which circumstance?
• Which X-linked genetic condition results in accumulation of lipids throughout the body?
• Which condition presents with concentric LV hypertrophy and midwall inferolateral enhancement on LGE?
• Which statement best describes obesity's impact on cardiovascular structure and risk?
• Which disease is associated with LV hypertrophy and wall motion abnormalities on cine imaging and patchy LGE enhancement?
• Which of the following represents indications for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)?
• A 49-year-old man with family history of premature ASCVD, tobacco use, diabetes and hypertension should receive which statin approach?
• How is the right ABI calculated?
• Which comorbidity is listed among significant comorbidities that support bariatric surgery?
• In patients with a coronary artery calcium score of 0 and no high-risk conditions, when should repeat CAC assessment be considered?
• The 10-year ASCVD risk in the example is calculated using which score?
• Which condition is characterized by progressive right ventricular failure, frequent ventricular arrhythmias, and left bundle branch block on ECG?
• Which of the following is a relative contraindication to CCTA?
• What is hibernating myocardium?
• Which of the following is a qualifying characteristic for initiating moderate- to high-intensity statin therapy without calculating 10-year ASCVD risk?
• A 65-year-old man with a 21% 10-year ASCVD risk should receive which type of statin therapy?
• Which statement best describes the indications for cardiac rehabilitation?
• What is the test of choice in hemochromatosis?
• In low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis with reduced EF, why are the gradients often underestimated?
• Which imaging study can identify cardiac device infection early, before morphological damage?
• Which imaging test identifies scar tissue in suspected cardiac sarcoidosis?
• Which imaging test helps detect active myocardial inflammation in suspected cardiac sarcoidosis?
• Which of the following is a recognized left atrial appendage shape?
• In patients with 7.5-<20% 10-year ASCVD risk and LDL 120 mg/dL, which assessment can help refine risk stratification?
• Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for metabolic syndrome?
• In a study, walking 30-45 minutes, 3 times per week, reduced the risk of myocardial infarction by what percentage?
• Coronary microvascular dysfunction is best described as:
• What is the screening timing indicated for AAA with diameter 4.0-4.9 cm?
• When is screening for AAA appropriate?
• Which test is especially useful in identifying the underlying cause of MINOCA?
• Which statement about SERMs/hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease prevention is correct?
• Cardiac rehabilitation is indicated for patients who recently underwent which event?